Answer:
d. West African societies became increasingly isolated.
Step-by-step explanation:
Trade in West Africa had a number of outcomes, including the growth of cities as centers of trade, religion, and education. It also led to the development of centralized governments ruled by kings or other leaders. However, trade did not lead to increased isolation for West African societies. In fact, trade brought West African societies into contact with a wide range of other cultures and facilitated the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies. This contact with the outside world helped to shape the development of West African societies and had a significant impact on their cultures and histories.