Monarchy is a form of government in which a single person, the monarch, holds supreme authority over a state or territory. The monarch is usually a hereditary ruler, such as a king or queen, and has absolute power over the government and the people within their jurisdiction.
Democracy is a form of government in which the power is held by the people, usually through their elected representatives. In a democracy, the people have the right to participate in the decision-making process and to hold their leaders accountable for their actions.
Oligarchy is a form of government in which a small group of people, usually the wealthy or those with special interests, hold power and make decisions for the whole society. Oligarchies are often characterized by a lack of transparency and accountability, and the interests of the ruling group may not always align with the needs and desires of the general population.