Answer:
Jared Diamond's theory of how geography explains why the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Inca Empire, and subsequently how Europeans were able to conquer much of the Americas, Africa, Australia, and parts of Southeast Asia is outlined in his book "Guns, Germs, and Steel." According to Diamond, the success of the Spanish conquistadors and other European powers in colonizing and conquering these regions can be largely attributed to three main factors: the availability of animals suitable for domestication, the presence of crops that could be easily grown and traded, and the development of writing and other forms of advanced technology.
One of the main factors that Diamond cites as contributing to the success of the Spanish conquistadors was the availability of animals suitable for domestication in the regions they conquered. For example, the Spanish conquistadors were able to use horses and other domesticated animals to their advantage in their battles against the Inca Empire. In contrast, the Inca had no domesticable animals, which made it more difficult for them to defend themselves against the conquistadors.
Another factor that Diamond cites as contributing to the success of the European powers in colonizing and conquering these regions is the presence of crops that could be easily grown and traded. For example, many of the crops that the Europeans brought with them, such as wheat and maize, could be easily grown in a variety of different climates and soils. This made it easier for the Europeans to establish colonies and trade networks in these regions.
Finally, Diamond argues that the development of writing and other forms of advanced technology played a significant role in the success of the European powers in colonizing and conquering these regions. For example, the ability to record and disseminate information about new territories and resources allowed the Europeans to coordinate their efforts and make more informed decisions about how to best utilize their resources.
Overall, Jared Diamond's theory suggests that the success of the Spanish conquistadors and other European powers in colonizing and conquering these regions can be largely attributed to the availability of animals suitable for domestication, the presence of crops that could be easily grown and traded, and the development of writing and other forms of advanced technology. These factors gave the Europeans a significant advantage over the indigenous populations they encountered and allowed them to establish colonies and trade networks in these regions.