Final answer:
Birmingham, Alabama Police Commissioner Bull Connor used fire hoses on civil rights protests in 1963, a brutal act that was broadcast on national television.
Step-by-step explanation:
As national television audiences watched in shock, Birmingham, Alabama Police Commissioner Bull Connor turned fire hoses on protestors. The correct answer to the question is b. Bull Connor. During the civil rights movement, especially in 1963, Bull Connor became notorious for his aggressive tactics against civil rights demonstrators. The use of high-pressure water jets from fire hoses was one of the violent methods he deployed against peaceful protestors, including children, which was broadcasted to a national television audience. This horrific event played a significant role in increasing public support for the civil rights movement and contributed to the push for federal legislation to end segregation.