Final answer:
The Inca adapted to their environment through the creation of terraced hillsides for agriculture, sophisticated stonemasonry in structures like Machu Picchu, and an economy based on a labor tax system. Their spiritual beliefs influenced their connectedness to nature and the cyclical nature of their practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adaptation of the Inca to Their Physical Environment
The Inca civilization, which thrived in a harsh and diverse environment, exemplified adaptability and ingenuity. They built extensive terraced hillsides to combat soil erosion and to create micro-climates suitable for various crops, with corn being the staple. Advanced irrigation systems were developed, and their terracing strategies fostered efficient agriculture despite the formidable Andean terrain. The Incas practiced advanced stone construction, visible in the majestic ruins of Machu Picchu, without the use of mortar, showcasing their master stonemasonry skills. Their network of rope bridges facilitated transportation across difficult landscapes. The Incan economy was heavily reliant on a labor tax system, or 'mita', rather than monetary exchanges, which ensured the distribution of food and services across the empire. Their spiritual connection with nature influenced their architectural and agricultural practices, as they worshipped gods like Inti (sun) and believed in the cyclical nature of life, reflected in their farming and rituals.