Final answer:
The statement that an orderly geometric arrangement of atoms is called a crystalline solid is true. Crystalline solids are characterized by atoms arranged in a regular, repeating lattice and are commonly found in nature. The structure of these solids determines their distinct melting points and can influence properties like electrical conductivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's statement that the orderly geometric arrangement of atoms is called a crystalline solid is true. In crystalline solids, atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a well-ordered structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all three dimensions. This regular arrangement results from the maximization of attractive intermolecular interactions and minimization of intermolecular energy when particles pack efficiently. Crystalline structures are frequently visible at both the atomic and macroscopic levels and are very common in nature, as over 90% of solids are crystalline.
Crystalline solids include various types such as ionic solids, metallic solids, covalent network solids, and molecular solids. These types of solids have distinct melting points due to uniform interparticle attractions. In contrast, amorphous solids do not have a regular internal structure and hence do not have a sharp melting point.
The arrangement and nature of atoms in a crystal lattice also affect certain properties, such as electrical conductivity, which is particularly important in the manufacture of computer chips. Techniques like X-ray diffraction are used to study the structure and dimensions of these crystalline solids.