1). Gravity has no effect on horizontal speed, which remains constant
(as long as we're ignoring air resistance.
So banana traveled 30 meters horizontally in 3 seconds.
Horizontal speed (speed of throw) is 10 m/s .
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2). Distance fallen in free-fall is (1/2) (G) (T²) .
'G' is 9.8 m/s² on Earth, and 'T' is 3 sec.
(1/2) (G) (T²) = (4.9 m/s²) (9 s²) = 44.1 meters .
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3). On Earth, acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s² .
That means that at any time during free-fall, the vertical speed
is 9.8 m/s faster than it was 1 second earlier.
Starting from zero vertical speed, the falling speed at the end
of 3 seconds is
(3 sec) x (9.8 m/s²) = 29.4 m/s .
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4). As the banana hits the ground, its velocity is
10 m/s horizontal + 29.4 m/s vertical
= √(10² + 29.4²) = √964.36
at an angle of arctan(10/29.4) away from vertical
= 31.05 m/s at 18.8° away from vertical .
The velocity is becoming closer and closer to vertical as time goes
on, because the horizontal component isn't changing, but the vertical
component is growing at the rate of 9.8 m/s per second.