Final answer:
Essential elements for creating massive urban growth in the late 19th century included technological advancements, like electricity and the telephone, emboldened entrepreneurial activities, population influx, and a shift away from agricultural dependence.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the organizing topics of reconstruction, urbanization, and industrialization from 1865 to 1889, we observe several elements essential for creating massive urban growth in late nineteenth-century America. The technological innovations like electricity and the telephone, the influx of rural populace and immigrants seeking jobs in the cities, and the transformation from water-powered to steam-powered factories all contributed significantly to the urban landscape. The demand for workers in newly established urban factories, along with governmental policies and infrastructure developments such as railroads and telegraph lines, further fueled urbanization. The rise of titan industries and significant population growth enhanced the economic and cultural landscape of American cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia, amplifying their urban expansion.