The best answer is C.
Mercator projection is a type of map projection invented and introduced by Gerardus Mercator in the year 1569. The meridians are equally spaced, parallel vertical lines and the parallels of latitude are parallel horizontal lines spaced farther apart as their distance from the equator increases.
This projection is widely used for navigation charts because any straight line on a Mercator- projection map is a line of constant true bearing that enables a navigator to plot a straight-line course.
It is often described as a cylindrical projection but it must be derived mathematically.