I hope my answer doesn't come too late and you can still use it for your essay :)
In any case, the best way how one could manage solid waste is by industrial-grade machines that preprocess and process it through so that it can be reused in different settings. An example of this might be some metalic leftovers of a product which are actually stil useful in other cases.
Solid waste may or may not have a list of health impacts, this mostly depends on what kind of solid waste we're talking about, so we have to be specific here :)