The four D's of negligence are:
1) Duty - Patient-physician relationship exists where the physician owed the a patient a duty.
2) Derelict - Dereliction of duty; The physician failed to comply to the standards of his profession.
3) Direct Cause - Damages incurred by the patient must be directly caused by the physicians breach of duty.
4) Damages - Injury incurred by the patient resulting from the physician's negligence.