Final answer:
The complementary mRNA sequence for the DNA base CGA is GCU, and the corresponding tRNA anticodon is CGA. These sequences are involved in the process of protein synthesis, where each mRNA codon is translated into an amino acid.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the complementary mRNA and tRNA sequences for a given DNA base sequence, we must first understand the base-pairing rules that govern the translation from DNA to RNA. DNA bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) pair with RNA bases uracil (U), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and adenine (A), respectively. Thus, for the DNA sequence CGA, the complementary mRNA sequence would be GCU. The corresponding tRNA would have the anticodon CGA, which is complementary to the mRNA codon GCU.
When translating mRNA into a protein, every set of three mRNA nucleotides, or a codon, corresponds to a particular amino acid. Translation is completed by ribosomes that read the mRNA in codons and the tRNA delivers the correct amino acid corresponding to each codon. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a complete polypeptide chain.