The brain is a part of the central nervous system, therefore A is incorrect.
The optic nerve, involved in vision, is also a part of the central nervous system as it is a pair of cranial nerves. Therefore, C is incorrect as well.
The peripheral nervous system forms the communication between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the body, therefore it includes nerves from the spinal cord to the body. So the correct answer is B. Includes nerves branching out from the spinal cord to the body.