You can use the arcane mathematical process known as "checking".
-- Take a number, any number.
-- Write the number you chose in place of 'x' in the equation.
-- If the equation is then true, then the number you chose
is the solution. If not, then it's not.
4 x + 1 = 22 + x
Try 2: 4(2) + 1 = 22 + (2)
8 + 1 = 22 + 2
9 = 24 <== I don't think so.
2 is not the solution.
Try 8: 4(8) + 1 = 22 + (8)
32 + 1 = 22 + 8
33 = 30 <== I don't think so.
8 is not the solution.
Try 7: 4(7) + 1 = 22 + (7)
28 + 1 = 22 + 7
29 = 29 <== Yay !
7 is the solution !