a) 16 per cent is 16 per hundred, so here the answer is 16!
b) 50 is half of a hundret: so it will be half of 16; 8 is the answer
c)
here i will write an equation:

we multiply both sides by x

and multiply by 100

and divide by 16

so

is the answer (this is 6.25)
d) we can use the half of c) like we did in b using half of a:
the answer is 6.25=3.125
\frac{16x}{100}