Final answer:
The law of independent assortment is the principle that explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring individually, illustrating that the inheritance pattern of one trait does not impact that of another.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle from Mendel’s laws that explains that traits are passed from parents to offspring individually rather than as pairs, groups, or sets is B. the law of independent assortment. According to this law, the inheritance pattern of one trait will not affect the inheritance pattern of another. Each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation. Hence, traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another, except when the genes for those traits are linked on the same chromosome.
The law of segregation, Mendel's first law, states that the two alleles for each trait separate during the formation of gametes, ensuring that a gamete carries only one allele for each gene. The principle of dominance explains how dominant alleles can mask the presence of recessive alleles in heterozygotes, but it does not specifically address the individual transmission of traits.