Basically he wants to claim his pride for taking down the cyclops, he wants the cyclops to know who brought him down.
Step-by-step explanation:
He taunts the Cyclops because he needs to prove his dominance and supremacy. He aimed to trick the Cyclops so he needs to boast regarding it. He shows ego and hubris and the results are that he is firmly grounded by Poseidon, who tends out to be Cyclops' father.