From the Archimedes principle, we know that the volume of an object immersed in a liquid is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced.
2) A.
From the above statement, the volume of the water in the graduated cylinder is equal to the volume of the sphere that is placed in the overflowing cup.
B.
Thus the volume of the sphere can be determined by looking at the graduated cylinder. The amount of water in that cylinder gives the volume of the sphere.
Or, if you know the radius (r) of the sphere, you can find the volume using the formula,
3) when the sphere is placed in the overflow cup, it displaces the liquid. And as given by the Archimedes principle, its volume will be equal to the volume of the sphere.
4) to find the volume of the rock repeat the experiment with the rock instead of the sphere.