Answer:
1st, 3rd, and 4th.
Step-by-step explanation:
1st Option (Roll a die and evaluate the outcome as either even or odd)
If a die is rolled, the following occurs:
• Probability of obtaining an ,even, number = 3/6
,
• Probability of obtaining an ,odd, number = 3/6
Since both outcomes have an equal probability, this method is fair.
Second Option (Throwing a stone close to an object)
This method is not fair because then it depends solely on the physical ability of the throwers.
Third Option (Place both names in equal amounts into a hat and draw one without looking).
If both names are placed in equal amounts (say 10 each) into a hat, then the probability of picking any one of the names would be 10/20 which is equal.
This method is fair.
Fourth Option (Ask a stranger to flip a coin)
A coin has two faces, head, and tail. The probability of landing on either head or tail is 1/2. If one of the friends picks head and the other picks tail, this is a fair method since the probabilities are the same.
Fifth Option (Ask a random friend to choose)
This is not a fair method since it is subject to the personal preferences of the chosen friend.
The fair methods are the 1st, 3rd, and 4th.