If the dimensions were all the same number ... the box was a cube ...
then each dimension would be (the cube root of 13,800) cm.
∛13,800 = 23.986... (rounded)
so the place to look is around 23 .
(22 x 23 x 24) = 12,144 <== too small; go up one integer
(23 x 24 x 25) = 13,800 <== Eureka !
The consecutive integers are 23, 24, and 25 .