a)
The variables are represented in the y-axis and x-axis of the scatter plot.
On the y-axis, the variable represented is "the number of questions missed on the History test".
On the x-axis, the variable represented is "the time spent studying for the History test" measured in minutes.
b)
Each point of the scatter plot indicates one observation, in this case, each point corresponds to one student that took the History test. To determine how many students took the test, you have to count the point in the scatter plot.
There are 13 points on the scatter plot, which means that 13 students took the History test.
c)
In the scatterplot, you can see that small values of x, correspond to high values of y, and as the values of x increase, the values of y decrease. This means that the relationship shows a negative correlation.
In terms of the example you can say that "the higher is the time the students studied, the fewer answers they missed on the test"
d)
Outliers are observations that are significantly distant from the rest of the sample, commonly called "atypical observations"
In this scatter plot there is one outlier at coordinates (45,8), the rest of the values y is decreasing while x increases, but this value of y is higher than you would expect by looking at the rest of the sample, so you can consider it an outlier.
e)
To determine the approximate studying time needed to miss zero questions from the graph, you can draw the line of best fit:
It goes out of scale, but it will take around 70 minutes of study for a student to not miss any question on the test.