Final answer:
The Renaissance, lasting from the late 14th to the early 17th century, was a period of artistic and literary accomplishments in Europe that signified a transition from the Middle Ages to modern history, with a focus on the revival of classical antiquity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Renaissance is best described as a period of artistic and literary achievement in Europe that spanned from the late fourteenth to the early seventeenth centuries, making option (c) the most accurate. This era marked a significant departure from the Middle Ages, characterized by a revival of the classical knowledge and values of ancient Greece and Rome. The period was strongly influenced by humanism, which emphasized the study and revival of classical antiquity's language, literature, learning, and values. The Renaissance was indeed a cultural bridge between the medieval era and modern history, originating in the wealthy city-states of Italy, such as Florence.
Influence of the Renaissance
This time of rejuvenation dramatically influenced various domains, including science, philosophy, engineering, and the arts, shifting away from medieval values and practices. The introduction of the printing press during this period played a crucial role in increasing literacy and the dissemination of new ideas. The Renaissance led to major developments in the way art was created and perceived, putting an emphasis on aesthetic rather than merely utilitarian purposes.