I assume you mean the Golden Islamic time from 8th to 13th century!
During this time, Islamic scholars were among the world's best. Among others they:
made achievements in maths (which is why algebra and algorithm are arabic words)
worked on scientific experiment as a technique to pursue knowledw
had some advancements in astrophysics (first reference to Andromeda Galaxy!
had a lot of advances in medicine, such as study of blood circulation, and of nervous system