Final answer:
Article One of the Constitution illustrates that the national government's power is derived from the states and the people. It outlines the system of federalism and enumerates the legislative powers, while also acknowledging implied powers and the separation of powers with checks and balances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is a. Derived from the states and the people. This is because the Constitution starts with “We the People,” emphasizing that the government's power comes from the consent of the governed, an Enlightenment idea that was foundational to the Constitution's creation. The Constitution establishes a system of federalism. Powers are classified into several types, including enumerated or expressed powers listed in the Constitution, implied powers suggested by the 'necessary and proper clause'—Article I, section 8—and those powers that are reserved to the states by the 10th Amendment.
Article One of the Constitution specifically outlines the legislative powers granted to Congress and allocates authority to the federal government, detailing a division and separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. This structure includes checks and balances to ensure no one branch has superiority over another, with powers not only enumerated but also implied to enable the federal government to fulfill essential duties such as regulation of interstate commerce and ensuring civil liberties.