Final answer:
Ag on the periodic table refers to silver, which is part of the d-block elements with electron configuration [Kr]5s¹4dⁱ⁰. AG in thermodynamics represents Gibbs free energy of a reaction, with AG° pertaining to standard conditions. The oxidation state of silver in compounds like AgCl is +1 due to the neutral overall charge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ag is the symbol for silver on the periodic table and is part of the d-block elements. Silver's correct electron configuration is [Kr]5s¹4dⁱ⁰, despite what might be expected based on its position. When discussing chemical reactions and their thermodynamics, AG refers to Gibbs free energy of the reaction, while AG° specifically refers to Gibbs free energy change under standard conditions, where all reactants and products are in their standard states.
The oxidation state of silver in compounds like AgCl can be determined to be +1, as Cl- (chlorine) has a charge of -1, and the compound's overall charge is neutral. The thermodynamic property AG is critical in determining the spontaneity of a reaction, with a negative AG indicating a reaction that can occur spontaneously under given conditions. AG variations with concentrations of reactants and products are represented in diagrams that demonstrate that the Gibbs free energy change for a reaction varies with changes in system composition.