Final answer:
When a liquid releases enough energy, it freezes into a solid as the particles slow down and form bonds, releasing thermal energy in the process. This is utilized by fruit growers to protect crops during cold temperatures.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a liquid releases enough energy, it undergoes a phase change known as freezing or solidification. During this process, the particles in the liquid slow down and begin to bond together, forming a solid structure. Energy is released during this phase change, usually in the form of thermal energy, because work is done by cohesive forces as they bring the molecules together.
For instance, in a real-world application, fruit growers in Florida spray water on their plants when the temperatures are close to the freezing point. This water freezes and, as it releases heat, it helps to keep the oranges from freezing, thus protecting the fruit. Likewise, the transition from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to gas (vaporization) requires energy input, and the temperature of the substance does not rise until the phase change is complete.