Final answer:
Sparta initially controlled Greece after the Peloponnesian War, but Thebes and then Macedon under Philip II gained control in succession.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the end of the Peloponnesian War, a period of conflict that lasted from 431 to 404 BC, control of Greece shifted hands several times. In the immediate aftermath, Sparta emerged as the dominant city-state, having defeated Athens. However, this Spartan hegemony was short-lived. Theban leadership, specifically under the general Epaminondas, rose to prominence around 371 BC after the Battle of Leuctra. But it was Philip II of Macedon who eventually gained control of all Greece, following his victory at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.