Final answer:
The Ottoman Empire implemented the millet system, which allowed non-Muslims to govern their affairs according to their religious laws. However, there were restrictions on their public lives and social mobility. They were required to pay a special tax called jizya but were allowed to practice their religions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ottoman Empire responded to non-Muslims by implementing a system known as the millet system. This system allowed dhimmis, such as Christians and Jewish people, to govern their own affairs according to their religious laws. However, the dhimmi system also came with some restrictions on their public lives and limited their social mobility. Dhimmis were required to pay a special tax called jizya but were allowed to continue practicing their religions.