Final answer:
Humanist scholars of the Renaissance focused more on worldly subjects, seeking to study and emulate the culture and philosophy of ancient Greece and Rome to improve society, rather than concentrating solely on spirituality as medieval thinkers did.
Step-by-step explanation:
Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists tended to focus more on worldly subjects. Whereas medieval thinking was heavily centered on spirituality and the teachings of the Church, humanism during the Renaissance placed greater emphasis on the value and potential of human beings. Humanists looked back to the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, valuing their philosophy, literature, and history as a means to improve the individual and society, rather than rejecting them. Despite being often devout Christians, Italian humanists believed in the coexistence of classical learning with their religious beliefs, and did not view the study of ancient texts as conflicting with Christian teachings. In contrast, Renaissance humanism encouraged a revival of classical antiquity's cultural and moral philosophy, aiming to develop individuals who could contribute eloquently to civic life.