• Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water route
from Europe to India.
• Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated
the globe.
• Issac Newton defined the forces of gravity.
These events relate most directly to
(1) revised understandings of natural surroundings
(2) questioning the benefits of the mercantile
system
(3) increased suspicion between different religions
(4) development of new manufacturing techniques