Final answer:
The 3. Gamma radiation has the greatest penetrating power.
Step-by-step explanation:
Of the given options, gamma radiation has the greatest penetrating power. Gamma rays can penetrate deeply into matter and can impart a large amount of energy into the surrounding matter. A thick lead shield is required to stop gamma emissions. Gamma radiation possesses the highest penetrating power among the three types of ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, and gamma). This high-energy electromagnetic radiation can penetrate through various materials, including thick layers of lead or dense substances.
Gamma rays are emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay and are used in medical treatments, industrial processes, and scientific research due to their ability to penetrate tissues and materials effectively. However, this penetrating power also poses potential hazards, requiring appropriate safety measures in various applications involving gamma radiation