Final answer:
The effect of demobilization following WWI included women being forced out of jobs they held during the war, the adjustment of the global economy to peacetime, and societal pressure to revert to pre-war gender roles in the workforce.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the significant effects of demobilization following World War I was the impact it had on employment, particularly among women. As soldiers returned from the war, the process of reintegrating them into a peacetime economy often resulted in women being forced out of their jobs, especially from industrial positions that they had taken up during the war. The global economy also experienced changes, with the defeated nations facing economic instability and the victorious nations dealing with debts and a need to reconversion of industries.
In the United States, while the unemployment rates remained relatively low, male participation in the labor force decreased and women's participation increased - a trend that had started prior to the 1920s. Women during WWI had filled roles such as secretaries, nurses, and clerks ("Pink-Collar" jobs), which continued post-war. However, many women were also employed in positions traditionally held by men, even though these jobs often paid lower wages. The creation of a permanent Women's Bureau in the Department of Labor, combined with women's growing political power, reflects the complex legacy of WWI on women's employment. Nonetheless, with the end of the war, there was a societal expectation for a return to traditional gender roles, and many women were pushed out of the workforce.