Final answer:
A karyotype is used by scientists to study genetic disorders by analyzing the chromosomal composition of an individual. It helps identify genetic abnormalities such as Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome, large DNA deletions or insertions, and translocations.
Step-by-step explanation:
A scientist might use a karyotype to study genetic disorders by observing the chromosomal composition of an individual. By analyzing the karyogram, geneticists can identify genetic abnormalities such as Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome, which are characterized by specific chromosomal abnormalities. They can also identify large DNA deletions or insertions, such as in Jacobsen Syndrome. Additionally, the karyotype can help pinpoint translocations, which occur when genetic material breaks and reattaches to another chromosome.