Answer:
The investigative science in which known data about past crimes, offenders, and victims is used to predict the characteristics of an unknown offender in a new case is called offender profiling, or criminal profiling.
Step-by-step explanation:
Offender profiling is an investigative science or strategy that is used by enforcement agencies to establish the identity, personality or likely characteristics of a suspect in a new crime based on information about previous related crimes which might or might not have been carried out by the same offender.