(a) getting the difference of outputs of any two inputs that are 1 unit apart, we have the following:
-3 – (-11) = 8
5 – (-3) = 8
13 – 5 = 8
21 – 13 = 8
29 – 21 = 8
37 – 29 = 8
45 – 37 = 8
53 – 45 = 8
(b) getting the difference of outputs of any two inputs that are 2 units apart, we have the following:
5 – (-11) = 16
13 – (-3) = 16
21 – 5 = 16
29 – 13 = 16
37 – 21 = 16
45 – 29 = 16
53 – 37 = 16
(c) getting the difference of outputs of any two inputs that are 3 units apart, we have the following:
13 – (-11) = 24
21 – (-3) = 24
29 – 5 = 24
37 – 13 = 24
45 – 21 = 24
53 – 29 = 24
(d) To get the ratio of the required problem, first we divide the first difference of outputs by one input interval, that is
8÷1=8
Next, we divide the second differences of outputs by two input intervals, that is
16÷2=8
Lastly, we divide the third differences of outputs by three input intervals, that is
24÷3=8
Notice that each ratio have the same result which is 8. This means that whatever the number input intervals are, between two outputs is 8 times apart.