The ancient Greeks have made an immense contribution, of which Western Civilization has benefited even today. It was dominated by Athens, which created many artists, scientists, philosophers. Athens was the leading city of ancient Greece, surpassing Sparta in the first millennium BC. Cultural achievements during the 5th century BC are the foundation of Western Civilization, in the true sense of the word. These include the philosophy of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, then political ideas and systems such as democracy, then the English alphabet. For example, Aristotle divided and presented the systems of governance through terms that we use today: monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, democracy.
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