Answer: sampling error
Explanation:
Given statement : A researcher selects a random sample of 500 college students from Kentucky. It is found that 23% of students in the sample are science majors.
The actual percentage of Kentucky college students that are science majors is 26%.
This kind of error occurs because of researcher does not select a random sample that represents the whole population of students.
Thus the result found in the sample does not match the result that is obtained from the whole population.
Hence, the this type of error is a sampling error.