Answer:
Protein synthesis involves formation of proteins using information present in DNA. During this, information present in DNA is first transferred to the mRNA molecule, known as RNA transcription. It takes place in nuclei of eukaryotic cells, while in prokaryotes it takes place in cytosol.
In next step, information present in mRNA as codons is used to make polypeptide chains or proteins, known as RNA translation. Each codon is specific and codes for a particular amino acid. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it takes place in cytosol.
Thus, both transcription and translation are part of synthesis, but transcription involves formation of mRNA from DNA, while translation involves formation of proteins from mRNA.