Answer:
A rational expression is a quotient between two polynomials. To write them in a simplified way, you can search the roots of the functions and see if you can cancel any part of the expression of the numerator with one of the denominator.
Explanation:
In other words, functions are factored to see if there are coindicent roots that can be canceled, here is an example:

In this example, we can cancel the term (x-2), because it is both in the numerator and in the denominator. In this way we get a simplified expression.