c. deceives others, whether intentionally or unintentionally
An unreliable narrator is a reciter whose reliability has been severely discredited. Wayne C. Booth in The Rhetoric of Fiction 1961 has discovered the term unreliable narrator. While untrustworthy storytellers are first-person narrators, whereas evidence has been made for the occurrence of unreliable second- and third-person narrators, primarily within the circumstances of film and television, although sometimes also in history.