Final answer:
The Golgi apparatus is the organelle that carries substances to other parts of a cell, packaging them into vesicles for transport. The endoplasmic reticulum also plays a role in transporting proteins to the Golgi apparatus for processing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelle responsible for carrying substances to other parts of a cell is the Golgi apparatus. Functioning similarly to a post office, the Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages different substances before sending them where they need to go. This process involves the creation of vesicles, which are small, membrane-bound compartments that store and transport proteins, lipids, and other materials either within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. These vesicles can move materials both to various locations inside the cell and to the cell membrane for release into the extracellular space.
In addition to the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) also plays a crucial role in transporting substances within the cell. The ER is a network of membranous channels that facilitate the transportation, synthesis, and storage of materials. Specifically, the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and the rough ER is tasked with protein synthesis and transport to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and packaging into vesicles.