Hm....
I will try to answer this for you.
You need subject and predicate (Noun and verb)
You also have Simple Sentences, Compound, and Complex
(Simple is 1 Independent Clause)
(Compound is two or more Independent clauses)
(Complex is an Independent clause + a dependent clause)
Parts of Speech:
Noun, verb, adverb, adjective, subject compliment, preposition, Object of the prep., Indirect Object, Direct Object, pronoun, conjunction
(there are more but those are the common ones)