Final answer:
Latitude affects climate by causing a decrease in solar energy as we move away from the equator towards the poles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Latitude is one of the factors that affect climate. As we move away from the equator towards the poles, the amount of solar energy received decreases. This is because the sunlight gets spread over a larger area at higher latitudes. So, option B is the best explanation for how latitude affects climate.