The right option is; A) binary fission
Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides to produce two independent organisms that are genetically identical to the parent organism. Prokaryotes (unicellular organisms) such as Escherichia coli reproduce asexually by binary fission. When Escherichia coli is undergoing binary division, the process starts with elongation of the cell. Two similar copies of the bacteria is then replicated followed by the formation of a septum. The cellular component is equally divided by the cell, and one pair of the parental genome moves to each side of the cell. There is division of the cells, and two copies of the parent bacterium (daughter cells) are produced.