The correct answer to number one is steel
The Bessemer process was used by Andrew Carneige. After a tour in England, Carneige realized the value of this process in terms of producing cheap steel. Along with this, the steel was strong and lightweight.
The correct answer to number two is laissez faire
This French term essentially translates to "let them do what they want." This type of philosophy if focused on almost no government interference in the economy. Rather, it relies on businesses and the law of competition to regulate the market.
The correct answer to number three is Asia.
Angel Island is located near modern day San Fransico. This is why many immigrants who came through here were Asian, as Asia is much closer to the west coast of the United States rather than the east coast.
The correct answer to number four is dramatically expanded.