Final answer:
The explanation of the expected outcome in an experiment, based on research, is the hypothesis, which predicts the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Step-by-step explanation:
In an experiment, the explanation of the expected outcome, based on research, is the hypothesis. This statement is a testable prediction that details what the researcher believes will happen in a study. It's formed before any experimental work is done, and it is based on previous research and observations. The independent variable is the factor that the experimenter manipulates, and its effects are studied on the dependent variable, which is the outcome or the variable that is affected by the independent variable. Controls are used to eliminate alternative explanations of the experimental results and to increase the validity of the experiment.