Final answer:
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, which are not found in prokaryotic cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unique Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
While both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, eukaryotic cells are distinguished by several features that prokaryotic cells lack. One of the defining characteristics of eukaryotic cells is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus that houses their DNA.
Additionally, eukaryotic cells possess various membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and in the case of plant cells, chloroplasts. These organelles perform specific, compartmentalized functions, aiding in the complex tasks of the cell, like protein synthesis, energy transformation, and cellular respiration.
Ribosomes, despite being present in all types of cells, are not the definitive feature of eukaryotic cells. Instead, organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, which are not found in prokaryotic cells, characterize eukaryotic cells. For instance, lysosomes are only present in eukaryotic cells, where they digest and recycle cellular waste products and consumed material.