Final answer:
A commonplace assertion about school is that all students have equal opportunities to succeed, which is challenged by studies showing the influence of socioeconomic factors. Another is that standardized tests are the best indicators of ability, which is debated among educators. Lastly, the belief that schools prepare all for success is contradicted by theories showing educational disparities.
Step-by-step explanation:
A commonplace assertion about school is the idea that 'all students have an equal opportunity to succeed in a system with universal access.' This assertion assumes that as public schools provide education to all students regardless of background, each has an equal chance at success. However, sociological studies, such as the Coleman Report of 1966, illustrate that the reality is more complex, with factors such as socioeconomic status and family background being significant predictors of student performance.
Another commonplace assertion is that 'standardized testing is the best measure of a student's understanding and ability.' This notion is often challenged by educators who argue that standardized testing may not adequately reflect a student's knowledge or potential, and that it may disproportionately affect students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Lastly, the phrase 'Schools prepare all students for successful futures,' is a common belief. However, conflict theorists argue that schools perpetuate class distinctions by providing different levels of resources and opportunities based on neighborhood wealth, thus influencing the future socioeconomic status of students.