Final answer:
During cellular respiration, the charge differences that build up across the inner mitochondrial membrane are used by the cell in chemiosmosis to generate ATP.
Step-by-step explanation:
The charge differences that build up across the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular respiration are used by the cell in a process called chemiosmosis to generate ATP. In chemiosmosis, the energy from the series of redox reactions is used to pump hydrogen ions (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane. This creates both concentration and electrical gradients across the membrane, which are then harnessed by ATP synthase to convert ADP to ATP.