Action is the method of characterization that Steinbeck uses to describe Elisa. Option A is correct.
In literature, characterization is understood as a literary device employed step-by-step ito emphasize and explain the details about a character in a story. There are two types of characterization; on the one hand the direct or explicit characterization and on the other hand, indirect or implicit characterization. In this passage, the author describes the actions and the phisical position of the character.